Bone-black kiln.



Patented Nov. 2a, |899. B. EBA.

BONE BLACK KILN.

(Application med my 5, 1899.)v l

(No Modei.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented lov. v2a, |399.

BONE BLACK KILN.

(Application led May 5, 1899.

(No Model.)

No. 63a,|77. l Patented Nov. 28, |899.' B. EBA.

BONE BLACK Kl (Application led Hay 5, (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

716 (w/Mw. mig?? f W/@ardZ/Za,

No. 63a,|77.

B. EBA.

BONE BLACK KILN.

Patented Nov. 28, |899.

(Application led May 5, 1899.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Modei.)

TH: cams PETERS co Pun ro-Llmov, mswmnmu, n. c.

Nrrnn BERNHARDF EBA, OF NORTH WARREN, PENNSYLVANIA.

BONE-BLACK KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 638,177, dated November 28, 1899.

Application filed May 5,1899. Serial No. 715,738. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Beit known that I, BERNHARDT EBA, a citi- Zen of the United States, residing at North Warren, in the county of Warren and State of Pennsylvania, have invented new and useful Improvements in Kilns for Oalcining or Revivifying Bone-Black, of which the following is a specification. i

This invention relates to kilns for calcining or revivifying bone-black, and is in the nature of an improvement on the furnace for which I obtained Letters Patent on the 11th day of October, 1898, No. 612,319.

It has for its object to effect certain improvements in the construction and render more efficient the operation of such furnaces, as will hereinafter be made clear, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, wherein- Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of the furnace. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a detail View illustrating the bridge-plates provided with covered sight-apertures. Fig. 5 is avertical sectional view taken through one of the retorts. Fig. 6 is a top plan View of one of the covering-caps of the retorts. Fig. 7 is a similar View of one of the retorts, and Fig. 8 is a detail perspective View of one of the casings surrounding the upper ends of the retorts.

In order to enable those skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will now proceed to describe the same in detail, referring to the drawings, wherein- The numeral 1 indicates pillars of brickwork, masonry, or the like, which are surmounted by the furnace structure proper, also constructed of briokwork or masonry and indicated by the numeral 2.

The numeral 3 indicates the fireplace or combustion-chamber of the furnace, centrally arranged in the lower portion of the furnace structure. Supported on the upper ends of the pillars beneath the furnace structure 2 and on opposite sides of the fireplace are strong metal plates 4, operating at their inner edges to sustain receiving-hoppers 5, in which are seated the lower ends of the metallic retorts 6. In each of the plates 4 is formed an aperture of relatively large area and normally closed by a hinged door 7, for the purpose hereinafter described. The retorts are arranged in two gangs on the opposite sides of the fireplace and stand perpendicularly, and said retorts are preferably oval in cross-section, as such shape I have found in practice gives the best results. The retorts of each gang are arranged in a row running from front to rear of the kiln, and the fireplace is located in proper relation to the lower ends of theretorts and between the two gangs, as most clearly shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings. The fireplace comprises a metallic jacket 8, preferably lined with firebricks 9, and beneath the grate is arranged an ash-hopper 10, communicating at its lower end with the upper end of an ash-chute 11. As shown in Fig. 1, the ash-chute is pendent vertically from the ash-hopper between the pillars and is provided at its lower end with a gate 12, whereby a cart or car may be conducted directly beneath the ash-chute and the ashes dumped therein and removed.

Cast integral with and between the opposite sides of each of the retorts 6 are two series of vertical partitions 13, the partitions in each series being arranged one above the other, as most clearly shown in Fig. 5, the lower end of each partition being provided with an inwardly-extending lip or flange 14, that over.-

`hangs the upper edge of partition next below it, thereby forming a series of apertures 15, for the purpose hereinafter explained.

Arranged over the upper end of each retort is a cap 16, having a depending flange 17, that surrounds the end of the retort, and provided on its under sides with V-shaped grooves, into which the knife-edges 1S and 19, formed on the upper end of the retort and on the upper ends of the uppermost partitions, are litted to form a close joint. An upwardlyprojecting sleeve 2O is formed on the upper side of the cap 16, and the latter is secured rigidly to the retort by bolts V21.

The upper end of each gang of retorts is incased in a metallic boxing 22, and supported transversely in said boxing is an outwardly and downwardly inclined plate 23, provided on its upper side with open-ended sleeves 24:, through which the upper ends of the retort-s pass. The upper ends of theslee'ves 24 fit within the anges 17 of the caps 16, and the IOO latter are provided at their opposite ends with blow-holes 25, that register with the spaces between the partitions 13 and the ends of the retorts. Communicating with the space between the lower end of the inclined plate 23 and the outer edge ot the boxing 22 are two diverging chutes 26, which extend to the front and rear portions ot the kiln, as most clearly shown in Fig. 2, and terminate at their lower ends in extensions 27, which communnicate at their bottoms with the exterior of the kiln, where they are provided with gates 28.

Arranged over each gang of retorts is a hollow metallic boxing 29, which at their lower ends are seated on the boxings 22 and are provided with depending sleeves 30, which loosely project down into the sleeves 2O over the tops of the retorts. This arrangement of the sleeves 2O and 30 forms an expansion-joint, by means of which the retort is permitted the greatest freedom of expansion and contraction without the least liability of damage to the retort or any of its connections. The boxings 29 are provided with a feed-hopper 31, common to both of them, which feeds the boneblack into vertical feed-tubes 315, arranged in the boxings, said feed-tubes at their lower ends discharging into the upper ends of the sleeves 30.

The products of combustion rise from the fireplace between the gangs ot retorts, and in transit to the escape-flue, which in practice connects with a chimney or smokestack, are caused to pursue a circuitous course through lines 32 and 33, thence up through a flue34, and finally through the boxings 29 by the iiues 35.

Pendent from the lower end or bottom of each of the hoppers 5 are two valved dischargetubes 36, over which are fitted cooler-cylinders 37. rFwo cooler-cylinders separated from one another are thus pro vided for each retort, whereby the cooler-cylinders will be of comparatively small diameter, and thereby the material is rapidly and effectually cooled. The lower ends of the discharge-tubes 36 are made larger than their upper ends, or, in other words, the opposite outer walls of sai-d tubes are tapered upwardly and inwardly, as clearly shown in Fig. 5,to facilitate placing the coolercylinders in position and removing the same by inclining them or tilting them outwardly on the discharge-tubes. The lower ends of the cooler-cylinders communicate with valved discharge-spouts 38, which in turn are adapted to discharge their contents into hoppers 39.

The operation of my improved kiln is as follows: The bone-black or fullers earth to be calcined is placed in the hopper 31 and is fed by the latter down through the feed-tubes 31a in the boxings 29 into the upper ends of the retorts. In its passage through the boxings 29 the material is given a preliminary heating, so that it will be in condition for the calciningoperation when it enters the retorts. The retorts are heated to a very high temperature by the products of combustion circulating about them, and the bone-black or fullers earth is thoroughly calcined, burning out the foreign substances and revivifying the material. From the retorts the calcined material is permitted to d rop by gravity into the coolercylinders and when thoroughly cooled is discharged from the latter.

It sometimes occurs that the retorts will blow, or, in other words,y the tine material being treated will be-blown out by the gases through the joints at the tops of the retorts and will escape into and clog up the iues. It is for the purpose of preventing this that I provide the construction and arrangement of part-s most clearly shown in Fig. 5 and heretofore described. In said arrangement when the retorts blow the material is blown up through the apertures 15 between the partitions 13 and out through the apertures 25 in the caps 16 into the casings 22 and drops down onto the inclined plates 23. From the latter the material drops down-the chutes 26 and 27, from which latter it may be removed from time to time through the gates 28. It will be understood, then, that the bone-black is fedinto the hopper 3l, from the latter passes down through the feed-tubes 31a in the boxings 29 into the upper ends of the sleeves 30, thence into the upper ends of the hoppers, down through the latter into the receivinghoppers 5, from the latter into the dischargetubes 36, thence into the cooling-cylinders 37, and from the latterinto the discharge-spente 38 and hoppers 39, from which latter it may be discharged into cars or carts. That portion of the bone-black blown up through the apertures 15 between the vertical partitions passes out through the blow-holes 25 in the caps 16 and into the casings 22 and drops down on'to the inclined plates 23 and from the latter drops down the chutes 26 and 27, from which latter it may be removed through the gates 28.

The smoke and gases which escape from the top of the retorts enter the furnace-chamber and are consumed as fuel.

At certain times during the operation of the kiln it becomes necessary to view the retorts, and for this purpose I have provided in the present invention relatively large apertures in plates 4 on the outer sides of the retorts, which apertures are normally held closed by the hinged doors 7. The doors are provided with arms 40, which when drawn down raise the doors, so that an attendant standing beneath has an unobstructed View of the lower portion of all the retorts of a gang at a time.

Having described my invention, what I claim isl. A retort of the character described comprising an upright tube provided at its opposite sides with upright iues and with upwardly and outwardly discharging apertures leading from the retort into said lues, and a cap fitted over the retort and provided with blowholes in register with the fines, substantially as described and for the purpose specied.

IOO

IIC

2. A retort of the character described comprising an upright tube provided near its opposite sides with vertical partitions arranged one above the other and forming a central chamber for the reception of the bone-black and ilues on each side of said central chamber, said partitions having apertures between their adjacent edges `whereby the material blown from the central chamber is discharged into the side tlues, a cap iitted over the upper end of the retort and provided with blowholes in register with the tlues, means for conveying the material blown up through the said blowholes to the exterior of the furnace, and means for feeding the bone-black centrally through said cap into the said central chamber, substantially as described.

3. A retort of the character described comprising an upright tube oval in cross-section, said tube being provided near its opposite sides with a plurality of vertical partitions arranged one above another, the lower end of each partition being deflected inward and downward and extending below the upper end of the partition next below with an intervening space between said ends, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

4. A retort of the character described comprising an upright tube provided near its opposite sides with a plurality of vertical partitions arranged one above another with an intervening space between the adjacent ends of each two partitions and forming tlues in the sides oi the retort, in combination with a cap tightly Iitted over the top of the retort and provided with blow-holes in register with the said lues, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

5. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with a retort provided near its opposite sides with a plurality of vertical partitions arranged one above another with an intervening space between the adjacent ends of each two partitions and forming fines in the sides of the retort, ot' a cap tightly titted over the top of the retort and provided with blowholes in register with the said flues, and a casing surrounding the upper end of the retort and constructed to discharge the material blown through said blow-holes into Wastechutes, substantially as described.

6. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with an upright retort, of a casing surrounding the upper portion of the retort and provided with an inclined bottom, said bottom being provided with an upright sleeve through which the retort projects, a cap tightly fitted over the top of the retort and provided with blow-holes through which the material blown from the retort passes into the casing, and waste-chutes arranged to receive the material discharged by the inclined bottom of the casing, substantial] y as described.

7. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with an upright retort, of a casing surrounding the upper portion of the retort and provided with an inclined bottom, said bottom being provided with an upright sleeve through which the retort projects, a cap tightly fitted over the top of the retort and provided with blow-holes through which the material blown from the retortpassesinto the casing, a flange depending from the cap and surrounding the upper end of the said sleeve, and waste-chutes arranged to receive the material discharged by the inclined bottom, substantially as described.

S. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with a gang of upright retorts, of a casing surrounding the upper portions of all the retorts in the gang and having an inclined bottom provided with upright sleeves through which the retorts project, a cap tightly fitted over the top of each retort and provided with blowholes through which the material blown from the retorts pass into the casing, and wastechutes arranged to receive the material discharged by the incline bottom of the casing, substantially as described.

9. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with an upright retort, of a closed casingsurrounding the upper portion of the retort and arranged to receive and discharge into wastechutes the material blown from the retort, a cap tightly iitted over the upper end of the retort and provided with an upright sleeve, a feed device for feeding the bone-black into the retort, and a tube pendent from the bottom of the feed device and loosely iitted in the said sleeve, substantially as described and for the purpose specified. i

l0. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with an upright retort provided near its opposite sides with vertical partitions arranged one above another andhaving apertures between their adjacent ends, the upper ends of said retort and uppermost partitions having knife-edges, of a cap fitted over the top of the retortand provided on its under side with V-shaped grooves for the reception of said knife-edges and having blow-holes in register with the spaces between the sides of the retort and the partitions, means for tightly bolting said cap to the retort, and a casing surrounding the upper end of the retort and constructed to discharge the material blown through the blow-holes into waste-chutes, substantially as described.

ll. In a bone-black kiln, the combination with the furnace structure supported on upright pillars, of gangs of upright retorts arranged on opposite sides of the fireplace, metal plates arranged on the pillars beneath the furnace structure and at their inner edges 'supporting the retorts, each of said plates having an elongated aperture extending in front of the lower ends of several retorts of each gang, and a hinged door for normally closing said apertures, whereby the entire gang of retorts may be simultaneously inspected, substantially as described.

ICO

IIO

Substantially as described and for the pur- Io pose specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing wit- With the furnace structure Supported on npright pillars and inclosing two gangs of re- I2. In a bono-black kiln, the combination l l torts 1n its sides, and a lreplace arranged l between the gangs of retorts, of a discharge messes. hopper arranged beneath the grate of the lire- BERNIIARDT EBA. place, an ash-chute pendent vertically from Vitnesses:

said hopper centrally between the pillars, and a gate arranged at the bottom of the ash-chute,

W. H. TAYLOR, C. A. BLoMQUIsr. 

